uniform(a, b): This function generates a random float number between the specified range.The parameters a and b represent the lower and upper bounds of the range, respectively. randint(a, b): This function generates a random integer between the specified range, including both endpoints.However, there are other functions in the random module that take parameters to generate random numbers within a specific range or with specific characteristics. It simply generates a random float number between 0 and 1. The random function in Python does not take any parameters. Then we use the random function to generate a random float number between 0 and 1. In this syntax, we first import the "random" module in Python. The syntax of the random function in Python is as follows: import random When you run this code, you will get a random float number between 0 and 1, such as 0.9348795222605418. Then we use the random function to generate a random float number between 0 and 1 and assign it to the variable "x". Here’s an example of using the random function in Python to generate a random number between 0 and 1:Įxplanation: In this example, we first import the "random" module in Python. The random function is used in various applications such as simulations, games, and statistical analysis. It generates random numbers within a range or without any specified range. The random function in Python is a function that is part of the "random" module in Python. By the end of this guide, you’ll have a firm grasp of how to use the random module to infuse unpredictability into your code, whether for simulations, games, or any other creative project. In this article, we will delve into the random module, exploring its various functions, understanding their applications, and learning how to harness the power of randomness in your Python programs. Whether you’re a seasoned developer looking to add randomness to your applications or a newcomer eager to explore Python’s capabilities, this article will serve as your comprehensive guide on how to use the random function in Python. One such function is the random module, which provides a range of random function in Python to generate random numbers, choose random elements from sequences, and more. Python, a versatile and widely-used programming language, offers a multitude of built-in functions and libraries to simplify various programming tasks.
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Figure 4.19 illustrates the ideal molecular structures, which are predicted based on the electron-pair geometries for various combinations of lone pairs and bonding pairs.įigure 4.19 The molecular structures are identical to the electron-pair geometries when there are no lone pairs present (first column). The H–N–H bond angles in NH 3 are slightly smaller than the 109.5° angle in a regular tetrahedron ( Figure 4.16) because the lone pair-bonding pair repulsion is greater than the bonding pair-bonding pair repulsion ( Figure 4.18). Again, there are slight deviations from the ideal because lone pairs occupy larger regions of space than do bonding electrons. The ideal bond angles in a trigonal pyramid are based on the tetrahedral electron pair geometry. In the ammonia molecule, the three hydrogen atoms attached to the central nitrogen are not arranged in a flat, trigonal planar molecular structure, but rather in a three-dimensional trigonal pyramid ( Figure 4.18) with the nitrogen atom at the apex and the three hydrogen atoms forming the base. The basic geometry is trigonal planar with 120° bond angles, but we see that the double bond causes slightly larger angles (121°), and the angle between the single bonds is slightly smaller (118°). This molecule has regions of high electron density that consist of two single bonds and one double bond. Lone pair > triple bond > double bond > single bond lone pair > triple bond > double bond > single bondĬonsider formaldehyde, H 2CO, which is used as a preservative for biological and anatomical specimens ( Figure 4.14). One of these regions, however, is a lone pair, which is not included in the molecular structure, and this lone pair influences the shape of the molecule ( Figure 4.18). On the other hand, the ammonia molecule, NH 3, also has four electron pairs associated with the nitrogen atom, and thus has a tetrahedral electron-pair geometry. The electron-pair geometries will be the same as the molecular structures when there are no lone electron pairs around the central atom, but they will be different when there are lone pairs present on the central atom.įor example, the methane molecule, CH 4, which is the major component of natural gas, has four bonding pairs of electrons around the central carbon atom the electron-pair geometry is tetrahedral, as is the molecular structure ( Figure 4.17). The structure that includes only the placement of the atoms in the molecule is called the molecular structure. We differentiate between these two situations by naming the geometry that includes all electron pairs the electron-pair geometry. Molecular structure describes the location of the atoms, not the electrons. The electron-pair geometries shown in Figure 4.16 describe all regions where electrons are located, bonds as well as lone pairs. It is important to note that electron-pair geometry around a central atom is not the same thing as its molecular structure. Electron-pair Geometry versus Molecular Structure The bond angle is 180° ( Figure 4.15).įigure 4.16 The basic electron-pair geometries predicted by VSEPR theory maximize the space around any region of electron density (bonds or lone pairs). With two bonds and no lone pairs of electrons on the central atom, the bonds are as far apart as possible, and the electrostatic repulsion between these regions of high electron density is reduced to a minimum when they are on opposite sides of the central atom. The Lewis structure of BeF 2 ( Figure 4.15) shows only two electron pairs around the central beryllium atom. Other interactions, such as nuclear-nuclear repulsions and nuclear-electron attractions, are also involved in the final arrangement that atoms adopt in a particular molecular structure.Īs a simple example of VSEPR theory, let us predict the structure of a gaseous BeF 2 molecule. We should understand, however, that the theory only considers electron-pair repulsions. VSEPR theory predicts the arrangement of electron pairs around each central atom and, usually, the correct arrangement of atoms in a molecule. The electrostatic repulsion of these electrons is reduced when the various regions of high electron density assume positions as far from each other as possible. The electrons in the valence shell of a central atom form either bonding pairs of electrons, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs. The VSEPR model assumes that electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between these electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) enables us to predict the molecular structure, including approximate bond angles around a central atom, of a molecule from an examination of the number of bonds and lone electron pairs in its Lewis structure. Figure 4.14 Bond distances (lengths) and angles are shown for the formaldehyde molecule, H 2CO. Contact us today with your plumbing needs at 678.956.1799.Ĭompany: The Study Hall Education Consulting Company, LLCĮmail: Description: We provide learning solutions for homeschool families such as standardized test prep and small group online classes at affordable prices. 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It is because of these sponsors that we are able to do the things we do.ĭescription: Conveniently located in West Cobb, Inspire Homeschool Academy provides exceptional instruction through classes that are devoted to enriching and educating the whole child. If you’re traveling with small children, Six Flags has a dedicated section called Bugs Bunny Land for the little ones. If the thrill of roller coasters and water slides are too much for you, Six Flags also has lots of wonderful shows, animal attractions, shopping, and eateries. If you’re lucky enough to be visiting during the summer months, you can add a stop to Hurricane Harbor, adjacent to Six Flags, for water rides and splashing for every appetite. With dozens of wild rides and attractions, a drive-through wild safari, games abound, and the best concessions you can dream of, Six Flags is a must see amusement park during your stay in New Jersey. If you’re looking for something a little more adventurous to do while you’re in Jersey, you’ll want to spend a day at Six Flags Great Adventure. Six Flags Great Adventure/Hurricane Harbor Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Areaġ. Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum Overall, New Jersey itself is one of the country’s hidden gems, with sightseeing and activities galore. This list is compiled of plenty of cool free things to do as well as places of interest, hidden gems, and popular vacation spots. Whether you’re planning to visit New Jersey today, tomorrow, or this weekend, this comprehensive list of New Jersey attractions will have you hardpressed to narrow down the best tourist attractions for you and your family. There are so many fun things to do in New Jersey, from white-sand beaches to thrilling adventures and art museums/exhibits to the Garden State’s nature-rich outdoor activities. So “fuhgeddabout” what you’ve seen in the movies and prepare for lots of natural beauty, many historical landmarks, action-packed adventures, and plenty of art and culture. We can all conjure the image of the “fuhgeddaboudit” mentality and the Jersey Girl attitude.īut in truth, New Jersey is a beautiful place to visit. It’s been depicted in the media and movies in less than savory ways. CCleaner Browser avoids advertising, avoids tracking, has built-in security against all kinds of malware, phishing, malicious downloads, and also avoids unwanted elements such as pop-ups or excessive browser cache. CCleaner Browser is included to optionally install in the CCleaner installer, but it can also be installed from its website. ĬCleaner also has its own web browser called CCleaner Browser. CCleaner can also automatically update installed programs and computer drivers. Since version 2.19, CCleaner can delete Windows System Restore points. CCleaner 2.27 and later can wipe the MFT free space of a drive, or the entire drive.ĬCleaner can uninstall programs or modify the list of programs that execute on startup. The program includes a registry cleaner to locate and correct problems in the Windows registry, such as missing references to shared DLLs, unused registration entries for file extensions, and missing references to application paths. An Android version was released in 2014.ĬCleaner can delete potentially unwanted files left by certain programs, including Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera, Safari, Windows Media Player, eMule, Google Toolbar, Netscape, Microsoft Office, Nero, Adobe Acrobat, McAfee, Adobe Flash Player, Sun Java, WinRAR, WinAce, WinZip and GIMP along with browsing history, cookies, recycle bin, memory dumps, file fragments, log files, system caches, application data, autocomplete form history, and various other data. It was originally developed for Microsoft Windows only, but in 2012, a macOS version was released. It is one of the longest-established system cleaners, first launched in 2004. įreemium for home use commercial for use in organisations and institutions ĬCleaner ( / ˈ s iː ˌ k l iː n ər/, originally Crap Cleaner), developed by Piriform Software, is a utility used to clean potentially unwanted files and invalid Windows Registry entries from a computer. 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With the world moving faster than ever before, functionality like this can help make life a little easier.Ĭhrome’s password, contact information, and payment autofill capabilities are revolutionizing users’ online experience. Once you are home and ready to start cooking, just pull up the same Chrome recipe tab on your tablet. If you look up a dinner recipe at work on your Mac but need the ingredient list at the grocery store? No problem - pull up the same tab within Chrome on your iPhone. Since Chrome can be downloaded on all of your devices (computers, phones, tablets), if you open a browser or perform a search on one device, Chrome will auto-sync that work stream on your other devices. Multi-tasking just got easier with tabbed browsing, which not only helps productivity, but looks clean and organized. Chrome’s user interface is incredibly easy to navigate. Enjoy customized browser preferences including your homepage of choice, sync and Google services, Chrome name and picture, importing bookmarks and settings, autofill capabilities (passwords, payments, addresses, etc.), toolbars, font, page zoom, and startup settings. The overall appearance is professional and clean. Adobe Flash is also available when you install Chrome on your Mac. It offers thousands of extensions, available through the Chrome web store, providing Mac owners with even more functionality. Google Chrome for Mac has a laundry list of features, earning its spot as the top web browser of choice for both Mac and PC users. It delivers a high-quality browsing experience to Mac users with its low CPU usage, reliability, tabbed browsing, cross-device syncing, and lighting fast loading speed. Google Chrome delivers this to Mac users with its low CPU usage, reliability, and overall browsing experience. Mac users have distinguished taste and as such, expect high quality in their hardware and software products. Google Chrome is the solution that over 63% of the world turns to and with good reason. You want a browser that is safe, easy to use, syncs data and content across all your devices, and operates quickly. Whether you have a new Mac or an older one, Google Chrome sets the bar high for web browsers. If you like the overall Finder.app design, but you feel like you need more powerful tools, Path Finder might be the answer.Chrome is an ideal browser to enjoy easy, coordinated online browsing across various devices. Path Finder is an user friendly application that provides access to a wide range of efficient tools when it comes to file management. However, the fact that you can batch rename files without having to use a third party utility is probably one of the most useful features. Path Finder comes with many efficient functions, like the the possibility to copy / view files using a dual pane browser, the option to create a file transfer queue, to perform simple Hex editing tasks, or to sort files by applying different criteria. These will give you access to the more complex Path Finder functions, such as the possibility to change the attributes / tags / ratings of a file, launch / terminate processes, access the Terminal console within the app, view the recently used documents and folders and much more. Integrated Terminal console and batch renaming capabilities You can choose to activate additional panels that will be placed on the right and left side, or on the bottom area of the main window. This area includes shortcuts to most of the Path Finder primary features, but keep in mind that Path Finder also allows you to use hotkeys. The Path Finder interface retains the same modular design used by the Apple Finder app, but comes with 6 customizable views: you can switch between them by pressing the buttons placed in the app’s top toolbar. The same familiar interface, more customization options Noteworthy is that Path Finder allows you to group multiple files into a stack temporarily and then move them through a single step, comes with a dual pane view, and includes support for multiple tabs. Path Finder is a Mac app that preserves the same familiar design, while being able to mold on your own working style. The Finder application can prove to be sufficient for basic file management tasks but does not provide too many customization options. If you've got an Apple TV 4K, this is your only option. Installing the profile, however, works a bit differently since there's no web browser or email client on tvOS.Īlso, for some reason, Apple only makes a full image available for the fourth-generation Apple TV. TvOS works similar to iOS and watchOS, in that you can install a configuration profile and install the update OTA. When the file dialog box appears, navigate to and select the file you downloaded, and open it. The former will do a full reset of your device, while the latter will install it as an update, keeping your data. While holding Option on a Mac or Shift on Windows, click "Restore iPhone" or "Check for Update". When prompted, choose to Trust This Computer. Plug your iPhone, iPad, or iPod into your PC and launch iTunes. If you want iOS 12 and you don't want to do it with an OTA update, Apple provides the option to download he full image and flash it to your device.įrom the Apple Developer download page, download the iOS 12 GM image that corresponds to the device that you'll be installing it on. As usual, you'll need to be connected to Wi-Fi, and your Watch will need to be charged to at least 50% and still charging. Update your device as you normally would. Then, use the instructions in step 2 to install the profile.įor iOS, go to Settings -> General -> Software Update, and for watchOS, launch the Watch app, and go to General -> Software Update. If you downloaded it from a PC, you need to move it to your iPhone, which can be done by emailing it to yourself. If you did this from your iPhone, follow the instructions to install it, and for watchOS, choose the option to install it on your paired Apple Watch when prompted. iOS 12 and watchOS 5 are grouped together here because the methods are very similar.Īlso, it's worth noting that this is the only method for installing the watchOS 5 GM seed, as there's no port on an Apple Watch to flash a build from a PC.įrom the Apple Developer download page, download the iOS 12 or watchOS 5 configuration profile. You'll see that there's an option to flash an entire build, but with this method, you just install the profile on the device, and update it as you normally would. The easiest way to install builds from Apple is with a configuration profile. iOS 12 and watchOS 5 configuration profilesĪnd then there are the developer betas, which require a $99/year developer license to legally obtain. Just head over to this website and sign up, and then follow the instructions that Apple provides. If the GM seed isn't rolling out over the public channel, it will be shortly. Apple offers public betas of iOS, macOS, and tvOS. This is the easiest method for most people. CI/CD for data pipelines: With all the logic of your workflows defined in Python, it is possible to implement CI/CD processes for your data pipelines.Anything you can do in Python, you can do in Airflow. Dynamic data pipelines: In Airflow, pipelines are defined as Python code.With orchestration, actions in your data pipeline become aware of each other and your data team has a central location to monitor, edit, and troubleshoot their workflows.Īirflow provides many benefits, including: It is especially useful for creating and orchestrating complex data pipelines.ĭata orchestration sits at the heart of any modern data stack and provides elaborate automation of data pipelines. Why use Airflow Īpache Airflow is a platform for programmatically authoring, scheduling, and monitoring workflows. Airflow is used by thousands of data engineering teams around the world and adoption continues to accelerate as the community grows stronger. On December 17th 2020, Airflow 2.0 was released, bringing with it major upgrades and powerful new features. As of August 2022 Airflow has over 2,000 contributors, 16,900 commits and 26,900 stars on GitHub. The project joined the official Apache Foundation Incubator in April of 2016, and graduated as a top-level project in January 2019. To satisfy the need for a robust scheduling tool, Maxime Beauchemin created Airflow to allow Airbnb to quickly author, iterate, and monitor batch data pipelines.Īirflow has come a long way since Maxime's first commit. Airbnb data engineers, data scientists, and analysts had to regularly write scheduled batch jobs to automate processes. In 2015, Airbnb was growing rapidly and struggling to manage the vast quantities of internal data it generated every day. See the Python Documentation.Īirflow started as an open source project at Airbnb. To get the most out of this guide, you should have an understanding of: Webinar: Airflow 101: How to get started writing data pipelines with Apache Airflow. Astronomer Academy: Airflow 101 Learning Path.Hands-on tutorial: Get started with Apache Airflow.There are multiple resources for learning about this topic. 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Use the volume-down button for iPhone 7/7 Plus ( Source ) Use the side button for iPhone 8 and later ( Source ) Hold the side button (iPhone 8 and later), the volume-down button (iPhone 7/7 Plus), or the home button (iPhone 6S, SE) while connecting your iPhone to the computer. Turn off your iPhone using the soft reset process (but don’t turn it back on).Ĭonnect your iPhone to a computer that has iTunes installed using an iPhone-compatible USB cable. Putting your phone into recovery mode, however, allows you to erase a lost iPhone passcode and set up a new one. The reset methods covered so far in this article require you to enter your password and unlock your iPhone. Open Settings > General > Reset > Erase All Content and Settings ( Source ) How to unlock an iPhone without a passcode Once you have, your iPhone will take a few minutes to erase all settings and content and reset to its factory default state. A factory reset is a good idea if you’re planning to sell your phone or experiencing issues such as freezing or glitching.įrom there, scroll to the bottom and tap Reset. It’s very important to back up your data before factory resetting your iPhone so you don’t lose important information. Returning your iPhone to its factory default settings is the most drastic method of resetting your device. Press and hold the home and sleep/wake buttons at the same time ( Source ) How to factory reset an iPhone Note: iPhone 6S (or earlier) and iPhone SE models use the sleep/wake and home button to start a hard reset. Release the buttons and wait as the phone restarts. Hold until the screen goes dark and the Apple logo appears. Press and hold the volume-down and sleep/wake buttons at the same time ( Source ) Press and hold the volume-down button and the sleep/wake button at the same time. Hard reset an iPhone 8: Volume-up, volume-down, and side buttons ( Source ) How to hard reset an iPhone 7 and earlier Release the side button when the Apple logo appears on the screen. Then, press and hold the side button (right). Press and quickly release the volume-down button (lower left). Press and quickly release the volume-up button (upper left). Press and hold the right-side button ( Source ) How to hard reset an iPhoneĪn unresponsive iPhone requires a hard reset, also known as a force restart. To soft reset an iPhone SE (2nd generation), 7, or 6, hold only the right-side button until the power-off slider appears. How to soft reset an iPhone 7 and earlier Next, turn on your iPhone by pressing and holding the right-side button until you see the Apple logo. It should take around 30 seconds for your iPhone to turn off. When the slider appears, release the buttons and drag the slider to turn your device off. Press and hold the right-side button and a volume button at the same time ( Source ) While both the volume buttons work, holding the volume-down button ensures you don’t accidentally take a screenshot. Press and hold down the right-side button and one of the volume buttons until the power-off slider appears. This process reboots your phone’s software without affecting the data stored in it, so there’s no need to back up your iPhone data first. How to unlock an iPhone without a passcode How to soft reset an iPhoneĪ soft reset basically means turning an iPhone device off and then on again. In this how-to guide, we show you how to reset an iPhone with and without a password. There are a few different ways to go depending on whether you know the passcode or not. Resetting your Apple iPhone is one of the best solutions to fix faulty settings or remove a troublesome app from your device. |
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